Administrative Theories in Public Administration Essay Example for Free

Administrative Theories in Public Administration Essay I have never thought that administrative theories in Public Administration has been established back in 1800 with theorist who have discovered or developed and now has been part of the system of the Philippine government. The earliest contributors to our understanding of management theory included practicing managers as well as social scientist. More recent theorist has tended to be academic or management consultants. The early theorist can be divided into 2 main groups – the practicing managers such, as Taylors and Fayol and the social scientists, such as Mayo and Mc Gregor. Meet the Mr. Taylor, the theorist of Scientific Management. Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-1915), one of the early practical manager-theorist, born in Boston, Massachusetts, spent the greater part of his life working on the problems of achieving greater efficiency on the shop-floor where he manages. The solution he came up with was based directly on his own experience at work, initially as a shop floor worker and later as a manager. He pioneers scientific management which includes: The systematic study of the relationships between and tasks to redesign the work for higher efficiency. Taylor sought to reduce the time a worker spent on each task by optimizing the way the task was done. Scientific Management Theory Organizations were seeking ways to better satisfy customer needs Machinery was changing the way goods were produced Managers had to increase the efficiency of the worker-task mix According to him, there are 4 Principles to increase efficiency that are: a. Study the way the job is performed now and determine new ways to do it. Gather detailed, time and motion information; try different methods to see which is best b. Codify the method into rules – Teach to all workers c. Select workers whose skills match the rules set in step2 d. Establish a fair level of performance and pay for higher performance – Workers should benefit from higher output But, Taylor recognizes that the measures he was proposing would appear to be more than just a new method – they would be revolutionary. He stated that the outset that â€Å"scientific management† would require a complete mental revolution on the part of management and workers. Henry Fayol (1841-1924) – father of modern management theory He divided industrial into 6 groups: technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting managerial And formulated the 14 Principles of management which we are using it every day in our daily activities, allow me to enumerate them and somehow expand a little. Division of Labor – allows for job specialization, Authority and responsibility – Fayol noted firms can have too much specialization leading to poor quality and worker involvement. Unity of command – employees should have one boss. Line of authority – a clear chain from top to bottom of the firm. Centralization – the degree to which authority rests at the very top. Unity of direction – one plan of action to guide the organization. Equity – treat all employees fairly in justice and respect. Order – each employee is put where they have the most value. Initiative – encourages innovation. Discipline – obedient, applied, respectful employees needed. Remuneration of Personnel – The payment system contributes to the success. Stability of nature – long term employment is important. General interest over personal interest – the organization takes precedence over the individual. Esprit de corps – share enthusiasm or devotion to the organization. I have added here some of the theorist I researched which I consider to be worth sharing. Mary Parker – an influential leader in early managerial theory. a. Suggested workers help in analyzing their jobs for improvements b. The worker knows the best way to improve the job c. If workers have the knowledge of the task, then they should control the task. The Hawthorne Studies It appears that the workers enjoyed the attention they received as part of the study and were more productive. Contingency Theory – Assumes there is no one best way to manage The environment impact the organization and managers must be flexible to react to environmental changes The way the organization is designed, control systems selected, depend on the environment Conclusion As management theories evolved in centuries, the principles and ideas were never changed yet it has been a guiding value to those who are in public nor private service and to those who are employed and business people. It’s amazing how they have passed on to many generations of people who wanted to learn and use the theories. The theories have been explicit in explanations and user-friendly, though there are theorists who have presented different thoughts on the earlier theorist but if we examine deeply, it’s all the same, only presented in different design. Before I end, I would just like to emphasize the last part of the theories because it speaks about our relationship with the environment and how we will relate environmental, Technological environments change rapidly so must managers.

Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds

Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Extract from Marang Seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus)  against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis Introduction Essential oils are widely gaining interest a component in medicinal products, food industry and pharmaceutical industry. Many studies were conducted to identify the antimicrobial, antifungal and insecticidal activities of essential oils obtained from plants. Essential oils have many therapeutic activities and they aid the distribution of drugs and antiseptics. Furthermore, the testing of plant extracts for its antimicrobial activity has always been of great attention to scientists looking for new sources for drugs for the treatment of various diseases (Nagala et al., 2013). Antimicrobial Compounds from Plants Phenols According to Cetin-Karaca (2011), phenolic compounds are one of the most diverse groups of secondary metabolites found in edible plants. They are found in a wide variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, stems and flowers. There are different classes of polyphenols known as tannins, lignins and flavonoids. Cinnamic and caffeic acids are common representatives of a wide group of phenylpropane-derived compounds which are in the highest oxidation state. Herbs such as tarragon and thyme both contain caffeic acid that is effective against viruses, bacteria and fungi. Catechol and pyrogallol both are hydroxylated phenols, shown to be toxic to microorganisms. Catechol has two 2OH groups, and pyrogallol has three. The site(s) and number of hydroxyl groups on the phenol group are thought to be related to their relative toxicity to microorganisms, with evidence that increased hydroxylation results in increased toxicity (Cowan, 1999). Flavonoids Flavonoids are the most widely occurring polyphenol and are present in almost every form of human consumed vegetation. Flavonoids are potent antioxidants, free radical scavengers and metal chelators; they inhibit lipid peroxidation and exhibit various physiological activities including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-hypertensive, anti-arthritic and antimicrobial activities (Cetin-Karaca, 2011). Flavonoids are also hydroxylated phenolic substances but occur as a C6-C3 unit linked to an aromatic ring. Since they are known to be synthesized by plants in response to microbial infection, it should not be surprising that they have been found in vitro to be effective antimicrobial substances against a wide array of microorganisms. Catechins, the most reduced form of the C3 unit in flavonoid compounds, have been extensively researched due to their occurrence in oolong green teas. It was noticed some time ago that teas exerted antimicrobial activity and that they contain a mixture of catechin compounds. These compounds inhibited in vitro Vibrio cholerae, Streptococcus mutans, Shigella and other bacteria and microorganisms (Cowan, 1999). Plant Extracts as Potential Antibacterial Agents Numerous studies investigated about the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against a great number of bacterial species. Plant extracts were prepared from fresh or dried plant material using conventional extraction methods (Soxhlet extraction, maceration, percolation). Extraction is process of separation of active compounds from plant material using different solvents. During extraction, solvents diffuse into the plant material and solubilise compounds with similar polarity. At the end of the extraction, solvents have been evaporated, so that an extract is a concentrated mixture of plant active compounds. Successful extraction is largely dependent on the type of solvent used in the extraction procedure. Water extracts and extracts from organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone and chloroform are usually used. Diffusion and dilution method are two types of susceptibility test used to determine the antibacterial efficacy of plant extracts. Diffusion method is a qualitati ve test which allows classification of bacteria as susceptible or resistant to the tested plant extract according to size of diameter of the zone of inhibition. In dilution method, the activity of plant extracts is determined as Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). MIC is defined as the lowest concentration able to inhibit bacterial growth (Stefanovic, et al., 2012). Marang (Artocarpus odoratissimus) Artocarpus odoratissimus is also known as Marang, Johey oak or Tarap which is a tropical fruit tree native to Asia. It belongs to the Moraceae family and is closely related to Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and breadfruit (Artocarpus comminis). It originated in Borneo and has been introduced into neighbouring countries, including the Philippines, Malaysia and Thailand. It is an evergreen tree, which can grow up to 25 m tall and has a 40 cm diameter trunk with low buttresses. The leaves are broadly elliptic to obovate at around 16to 50cm long and 11to 28cmwide. They are cuneated at base to slightly decurrent, margin entire or shallowly crenate, and apex blunt or shortly acuminate. It is a monoecious plant so one plant is enough for the production of fruit. The fruit is green, ovoid in shape, quite large, averaging about 16 cm in length, 13 cm in diameter and weighing about 1 kg (KPR Gardeners Club, 2009). It is roundish oblong, regular, and thickly studded with short, brittle, g reenish yellow spines. The rind is thick and fleshy. The flesh is snowy white, very sweet when ripe, juicy and very aromatic. The flesh is separated into segments clinging to the central core and each segment contains a seed. The seeds are many, whitish, 8 Ãâ€" 15 mm in size, smooth surfaced and readily separated from the flesh (Subhadrabandhu, 2001). Escherichia coli Escherichia coliis the most prevalent infecting organism in the family of gram-negative bacteria known as enterobacteriaceae.E. coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium propelled by long, rapidly rotating flagella. Escherichia colibacteria were discovered in the human colon in 1885 by German bacteriologist Theodor Escherich. Dr. Escherich also showed that certain strains of the bacterium were responsible for infant diarrhea and gastroenteritis, an important public health discovery. AlthoughE. coli bacteria were initially called Bacterium coli, the name was later changed toEscherichia colito honor its discoverer (Clark, 2005). It is part of the normal flora of the mouth and gut and helps protect the intestinal tract from bacterial infection, aids in digestion, and produces small amounts of vitamins B12 and K. The bacterium, which is also found in soil and water, is widely used in laboratory research and is said to be the most thoroughly studied life form (The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 2012). Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis belongs to the genus Staphylococcus, and they are facultative anaerobes (Wiedemer, 2012). Staphylococcus epidermidis is a well characterized, non-fastidious, and it is a gram positive bacteria. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a coagulase – negative staphylococcus (CNS) they are found and colonizes the skin and the mucous membranes of the human body and they play an important part of it normal flora (Sousa et al., 2008). These species of staphylococcus secretes and produces a biofilm of polysaccharides that protects the cell against the host immune system or antibiotic treatments (Schjorring et al., 2002). These staphylococci are mainly dispersed during skin to skin contact using medical instruments and procedures. Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause infections in humans like meningitis, urinary tract infection (UTI) conjunctivitis, and endocarditis (Wiedemer, 2012). Bibliography Cetin-Karaca, H. (2011). Evaluation of Natural Antimicrobial Phenolic Compounds Against Foodborne Pathogens. University of Kentucky Masters Theses.Paper 652. Retrieved from http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1163context=gradschool_theses Clark, M. (2005). E. coli Food Poisoning: What is E. coli and how does it cause food poisoning? About E. coli. Retrieved from http://www.about-ecoli.com/. Retrieved on July 15, 2014. Cowan, M. (1999). Plant Products as Antimicrobial Agents. Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct. 1999, p. 564–582. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC88925/pdf/cm000564.pdf?origin=publication_detail KPR Gardeners Club. (2009). Breadfruit Artocarpus odoratissimus, Marang. Botanix – A Journal About Plants and Gardening. Retrieved from http://www.botanix.kpr.eu/en/index.php?text=6-breadfruit-artocarpus-odoratissimus-marang Nagala, S., Yekula, M. Tamanam, R. (2013). Antioxidant and gas chromatographic analysis of à ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ve varieties of jackfruit (Artocarpus) seed oils. Drug Invention Today 5 (2013) 315-320. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0975761913000616 Schjorring, S., Ramos, A., Fraustrup, H., Hallin, P.F. (2002). Pathogenic investigation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Technical University of Denmark. Retrieved from http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/~pfh/files/mrsa.pdf Sousa,C., Teixeira, P. Oliveira, R. (2008). Influence of surface properties on the adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to Acrylic and Silicone. International Journal of Biomaterials Volume2009(2009), Article ID718017, 9 pages doi:10.1155/2009/718017. Retrieved from http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijbm/2009/718017/ Subhadrabandhu, S. (2001). Under-Utilized Tropical Fruits of Thailand. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Regiona Office for Asia and the Pacific. Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/3/a-ab777e.pdf Stefanovic, et al. (2012). Antibacterial Activity of Naturally Occurring Compounds from Selected Plants. ISBN: 978-953-51-0723-1, InTech, DOI: 10.5772/33059. Retrieved from http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/38642.pdf The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. (2012). Escherichia coli. Infoplease.com. Retrieved from http://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/science/escherichia-coli.html Wiedemer, C. (2012). Microbiology Unknown Lab Report. CPR St. Louis. Retrieved from http://aclsstlouis.com/3961/microbiology-unknown-lab-reports/

Sakis Stories and the Impression they Create about Adult-Child Relatio

Saki's Stories and the Impression they Create about Adult-Child Relationships In order to answer this question I am going to be focusing on three of Saki?s stories; the story-teller, the lumber room and the open window. Children at the time Hector Munro (Saki) was writing these stories would have had very vivid imagination; this is shown in Saki's story 'The Open Window' when the niece makes up the saga of Mr Sappleton's death, illustrates how imaginative children can be, and that adults are very easily fooled. Fooling adults is a key theme in Saki's stories; another time when it occurs is in the story 'The Lumber Room' when Nicholas dupes his aunt into believing that he is somehow trying to get into the gooseberry garden, but instead has no intention of doing so but does sn...

The Ubiquitous Monopoly :: Business Essays

The Ubiquitous Monopoly Monopoly is nearly always seen as something undesirable. Courts have wrestled with monopoly for ages, sometimes defining it as: "the power to control prices and exclude competition", "restraining trade", or "unfair and anti-competitive behavior." Should monopolistic practices be condemned and outlawed? Let's look at anti-competitive behavior and practices, but let's not confine ourselves to what's traditionally seen as monopoly. The marriage contract is essentially a monopoly document. It represents a legally sanctioned collusive agreement between two parties to exclude competitors and restrain trade. It closes the market to competition, or at least it is supposed to. This collusion has benefits as well as costs. Because I have exclusive rights to her affections and property rights to a stream of highly valued domestic services, I place a higher value on my spouse, making me willing to share with her a greater percentage of my wealth. My spouse receives a comparable set of benefits from this collusive arrangement. This monopolistic arrangement has a cost side and perhaps some inefficiencies as well. Neither one of us is as attentive as we were before we made our contractual arrangement. For my part, I don't open the car door for her as often, don't use breath fresheners and colognes as frequently, am not as nearly considerate and gentlemanly as before our marriage some 42 years earlier. The reason is simply that before marriage I was competing against other men and therefore could ill afford to act as a monopolist. Read the Old Testament's Book of Deuteronomy, Chapter 5, where God gave Moses the Ten Commandments. The first commandment, and presumably the most important is, "Thou Shalt have none other gods before me." The second is, "Thou shalt not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above. . . ." Then there's, "Thou shalt not bow down thyself unto them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy God am a jealous God. . . ." If a corporation made a similar decree regarding its services, it would find itself in the sights of the U.S. Department of Justice for gross violations of the anti-trust provisions of the Sherman and Clayton Acts. The Ten Commandments decree exclusive dealing and mandate neither substitutes for nor competition with God. In order for one to condemn all monopolistic practices as evil, at least for consistency, he would have to also condemn marriage and the basic tenets of Christianity.

Supply Chain Management :: Business Case Studies Essays

In this competitive world every organization is striving hard to be at the top in its own field. The competition in the business environment has become intense. The winds of change are blowing in purchasing and supply. And it is one of the areas that the organisations look into for achieving competitive advantage. The changes in conformance quality standards, JIT approaches to material availability, long term relationships with fewer suppliers and a win-win approach to negotiations have helped organisations to survive and succeed in a very competitive world. It's every organisations dream to have a low cost supplier and a low cost service provider to its customers. In this changing world of competition, globalisation, innovation and technology all organisations are thriving to re-engineer their business processes to achieve a competitive edge over others. These changes have led the organisations to cost effectiveness aspect in every department of business especially supply, purchasing, distribution and management. In terms of tough competition organisations offer similar products in terms of quality, price and features. Customer service differentiation can provide an organisation with a distinct advantage over the competition. The level of service provided to functions such as marketing and production affects the organisations ability to serve the need of the customers. The organisation can achieve competitive success if they satisfy the customers through their services effectively and efficiently. This is achieved if they are capable of retaining their customers. A greater customer satisfaction is achieved by a superior service provided by the organisation. This is achieved if the business functions are well defined and are supported by other functions. This report gives an insight about the various aspects of supply chain management and operational management and also the important strategies involved. It also explains the importance of managing the supply chain in the business perspective. v Before proceeding further its important for us to know what supply chain is and what supply chain is about? Supply chain: In an industrialized or non-industrialized society goods are physically moved from production area to the service area. This exchange takes place when there is discrepancy between the amount and type of goods available and the goods needed. If there is surplus amount of goods in organisation that someone else needs, becomes a basis for exchange. This gives rise to channels where there is an exchange between producers and consumers. The alignment of firms that bring products and services to market is called supply chain.

Intraorganizational Conflicts Essay

In the discourse about the assessment and management of intraorganizational conflict within an organization, Jessica Katz Jameson underscores the various facets of these conflicts. These include the sources of conflict, their characteristics, the management strategies and the desired outcomes. However, of interest here is how the author characterizes the sources of these conflicts. In this presentation, an attempt to unveil the characterization of the sources of conflict without examining the attributes and the form taken by the conflicts is an effort in futility. According to Jameson (1999), conflicts arise when interdependent parties have very unlike and incompatible mindsets and interests. Intraorganizational conflicts take different forms depending on the source Sources of Informal Conflicts. Informal conflicts take the form of informal arguments or differences in points of view and opinions between co-workers, employees and supervisors, between factions within an organization or even interdepartmental Conflicts. Informal conflicts occur mainly due to differing values, beliefs, opinions as well as perception regarding to how work should be accomplished (Jameson 1999). Shapiro and Rosen (as cited in Jameson, 1999) further categorized informal conflicts as those whose sources are relational differences and those that arise from differences in opinions as to how tasks ought to be carried out. Relational differences include personal differences between members of an organization or differences in opinion regarding to leadership style. Task conflict on the hand has to do with differences in matters regarding to authority and/or responsibilities as well as differences in perception and interpretation various issues. Others[1] have utilized words such as subjective conflicts and objective conflicts in trying to categorize various forms of conflicts. Sources of formal conflicts. Formal conflicts are of a different dimension. They are characterized by formal complaints about such issues as: Contravention of human rights within an organization or policy violations. In several instances, formal conflicts result in legal action usually by an employee against an organization. Formal conflicts occur due to issues regarding to dismissal, benefits, absentee policies, safety standards, discrimination, rules and regulations of work and promotions. Employees feel that they are not being treated fairly. Formal conflicts have been a subject of much interest in recent times due to the rising number of costly court cases between the employees and organizations. Question 2. Is it important or necessary in an organization to understand the sources of conflict within an organization, as we have an autocratic structure that can impose a resolution? Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization is important because of the following reasons: a) It can help in unearthing potential conflicts before they happen. Usually conflicts do not just happen but follow a distinct pattern that can be detected by knowledgeable persons. Early detection would allow for action that would ensure that the conflict never gets out of hand. This would result in saving the parties involved time money and misery. b) It assists the disputants, managers and third parties involved in selecting the most suitable method of resolving particular conflicts. An imposed resolution may serve an important purpose in a conflict resolution but may fail to achieve the most satisfying solution for the parties involved. There are differing concerns and interests that form the conflict resolution goals for the parties and these have to be put into consideration when seeking a resolution strategy. Some of these interests include: Cost reduction, timeliness, privacy and confidentiality, fairness, maintaining relations and establishing a precedent. These concerns may not be adequately addressed if a resolution has to come from an autocratic authority with an own interest and concern. c) Autocratic Structure of conflict resolution would be of little use in formal conflicts that are likely to result in litigation. Litigation is an undesired outcome due to the costs incurred by either party (time and money); especially depending on the way the judgment goes. Litigation has served to increase the need for dispute systems within organizations. d)Â   Understanding the sources of conflict within an organization assists in the development of effective organizational conflict management. This creates a conducive work environment and reduces work related stress. This would in turn have a positive effect on employee satisfaction and productivity. Understanding sources of conflict should thus be a goal that is pursued by all members within an organization.

Direct an act from Hamlet

I have selected Act 1 of Hamlet for my project. I do not wish to change any details in the original script itself but I would be approaching the script as a screenplay for a movie as I think that popular culture would benefit greatly from this Shakespearean classic. This means that my target audience would mainly be today’s youth. My approach would be somewhat similar to Baz Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet in 1996 which starred Leonardo DiCaprio and Claire Danes.The main difference is that I would like preserve another facet of Shakespeare’s old plays as they were performed during his time, and that is to have all the parts played by men. I believe that this would add novelty to the movie as this has yet to be done by any version of any Shakespearean play created for the cinema. Also, I think it would add a measure of academic value to the film, which is it would get a lot of attention from people who would inevitably want to relate the novelty to some social issue l ike gender which would definitely increase media mileage.Act 1 of Hamlet has five main characters. These are King Hamlet (The Ghost): the late king of Denmark who had died two months ago, King Claudius: the late King Hamlet’s brother and successor, Queen Gertrude: widow of King Hamlet and remarried to Claudius following her husband’s demise, Prince Hamlet: a young college student who is the son of Gertrude and the late King Hamlet, and Horatio: Hamlet's best friend. For the starring role of Prince Hamlet, I will choose Matt Damon. Although he’s 36 years old, Matt can easily be made to look like he’s in his late 20s.He is best known for his starring role as Jason Bourne, an amnesiac assassin on the run in The Bourne Identity and The Bourne Supremacy. I think that Damon’s dark persona that is incorporated in these two movies would play quite well for the part of Hamlet especially in his broodings regarding his father’s death. Matt’s ste rn disposition is also appropriate in his unflinching dialogue with the ghost of his father towards the end of the act. I want Hamlet to be strong, a bit dark and brooding, almost unkind. For the ghost of King Hamlet, I’ve selected Anthony Hopkins.Hopkins has starred in the Hannibal Lecter series of movies from Silence of the Lambs in 1991 to Hannibal in 2001. His role was that of a deranged but brilliant surgeon who is a known and convicted murderer and cannibal. Hopkins also starred in the now classic Bram Stoker’s Dracula in 1992. Hopkins’ roles in these movies showed his capability for a cunning, merciless character that is what is needed for the part of the ghost of King Hamlet. I want the ghost to show utterly no remorse for what it would ask Hamlet to do. I want Hopkins’ imposing stare in digital ghostly fog effects that could scare an audience silly.I also want a synergy of dark characters between him and Damon. I want the audience to see this dar k demeanor as a resemblance from father to son. For Hamlet’s mother, Queen Gertude, I want to use an actor who is a lot younger than either Hopkins or the actor who is to play King Claudius. Also, since I will be using a man to play Queen Gertrude, I find it necessary to pick one who has done the task several times before. Unfortunately, there seems to be no available actor in Hollywood to perform such a role. This leads me to seek out someone outside of tinsel town. Doing so found me the perfect specimen in the Philippines.He is Eric Quizon. He is a Filipino actor in his mid-forties who has played the role of a beautiful gay man several times in their local cinema. He has even played one in an internationally acclaimed movie in 2000 about the Japanese occupation in his country during World War II which was entitled, Markova: Comfort Gay. Quizon has an excellent command of English and does look like a beautiful gay man so there would be no problem fitting him in as Queen Gert rude. He has also been nominated for several acting awards in his country and had even more a number of supporting actor awards in 1995 and 1998 so his acting is also pretty decent.I want Gertrude to look beautiful. I want the audience who know she isn’t really a woman to gape in awe at how much she looks like one without any major make up or computer alterations. Plus I want people who do not know that she is a man to be struck silly when they find out. For King Claudius, I’ve selected Brian Cox. He’s a 60 year old veteran who’s played supporting roles in a lot of action films such as Desparate Measures, Manhunter, and Troy where he superbly played another villain, Agamemnon.I also chose Cox because he has previously worked both with Damon and with Hopkins in The Bourne Supremacy and Hannibal respectively. I believe that this would make him serve as a bridge between the two actors in the early stages of filming. I want King Claudius to seem just as ruthl ess and cunning as his brother, and I think using someone who has played one of the most ruthless kings in classic literature is just the ticket. Finally, I want Jack Black to play Horatio. You just need to King Kong or The Jackal to know that this guy can keep a straight face but at the same time come off as funny looking to the audience.I mean, I actually laughed a little when Bruce Willis’ psychotic character blew a crying Jack Black to bits in the second mentioned movie. I want that seriousness to leave a smile on the audience. I want them to ask â€Å"Is he serious? Or is he going to pull a rabbit out of his ass before he says another word? †. The setting would be in modern day Denmark, where Hamlet’s father would actually be a big time tycoon. All the modern day details similar to Luhrmann’s Romeo and Juliet would apply to this film. I want the audience to be able to connect with the movie and at the same time appreciate how it was done in the old d ays.